In-Text+Citation+Guidelines


 * In-Text Citation **

In-text documentation is the newly recognised format for acknowledging borrowed information within your original text. No longer are footnotes or endnotes used, unless you need to clarify or add some information.
 * Use in-text documentation to cite a source whenever you: **
 * use an original idea from one of your sources, whether you quote or paraphrase it
 * summarise original ideas from one of your sources
 * use factual information that is not common knowledge (Common knowledge is information that recurs in many sources. If you are not certain it is common knowledge, cite to be safe.)
 * quote directly from a source
 * use a date or fact that might be disputed

// Usually only the author's last name and the page number OR, in the absence of an author, the title and the page number are given //**. **

1. Put the author's last name and the page number in brackets. Do not use "page" or abbreviations for page, just write the number, or numbers. 2. If you are using more than one book by the same author, give the **last name**, comma, the **title**, and the **page**. 3. If you identify the author and title in the text, just give the **page number**. 4. If there is no author, give the **title** and the **page number**. 5. If you are quoting a direct quotation from a secondary source, you must identify it as such. 6. Web documents generally do not have fixed page numbers or any kind of section numbering. If your source lacks numbering, omit numbers from your in-text documentation and use only the main entry, author, or title in parenthesis.
 * Rules for Using In-Text Documentation **
 * Example: ** Thomas Hardy's //Return of the Native// is the penultimate example of coincidence (Ellman 89).
 * Example: ** Animal imagery conveys the primitive, uncontrolled rage that the peasants feel. One person "...had acquired a tigerish smear about the mouth" (Dickens, //Tale of Two Cities// 33-34).
 * Example: ** In //Jude the Obscure//, Hardy depicts the heart-rending disappointment that Jude must face: "...the spires of the Medieval buildings haunted his existence and at the same time they beckoned him to call the pillars of learning his home" (9).
 * Example: ** Some critics, including Christopher Ricks, feel that Thomas Hardy overuses trite coincidences to generate the action in his novels (//Spectator// 5).
 * Example: ** According to Derek Montana, "...the critic's worst enemy is himself" (qtd. in Paris 87).
 * Example: ** A recent CNN.com review noted that the book's purpose was "to teach cultures that are both different from and similar to world status quo" (Allen).

These materials must be documented. After each graph, chart, or table write: Source: then give complete bibliographic information, end with a colon, space, then the page number.
 * Visual Material (graphs, charts, tables, etc.) **
 * |||||| TABLE 1

Violation of the Privacy Act || SOURCE: Wesley, Harding. __Databanks Keeping Track__. (New York: Quarter, 1988): 89. ||  || Or label the table or graph, add a title and give the artist or author and page.
 * || Violated || Not Violated ||  ||
 * Tapping Telephone Lines || 35% || 65% ||  ||
 * Mail Broken Into || 05% || 95% ||  ||